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Mandhali Formation
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Mandhali Fm base reconstruction

Mandhali Fm

Period: 
Neoproterozoic

Age Interval: 
middle Tonian


Province: 
N.India Lesser Himalaya

Type Locality and Naming

Himachal Pradesh-Uttarakhand, Deoban Basin. Named after the village Mundali, nestling in the Deoban mountain in the Bawar pargana (northern Chakarata area) of Kumaun region. [Original Publication: Oldham, R.D. (1883). Note on the Geology of Jaunsar and Lower Himalaya. Record Geological Survey of India, 16, 193-198.]


Lithology and Thickness

Conglomerate. Conglomerate, shale, siltstone, limestone, dolostone; 800 m in Deoban Basin. Limestone. Grayish green and black carbonaceous pyritic phyllites or slates interbedded and interbedded plastically folded blue-banded limestones and a variety of paraconglomerates; ~400 m in Kumaun Region.


Lithology Pattern: 
Conglomerate


Relationships and Distribution

Lower contact

Unconformable with of r in Deoban Basin, Discordant contact with Deoban Gr in the type area Tons valley, but with break or unconformity elsewhere in Kumaun Region.

Upper contact

Conformable with Chandpur Fm in Deoban Basin. The upper limit of the Mandhali in the Krol Nappe is marked by gradational passage into the Chandpur Fm above (Auden, 1934), and the upper limit has been placed arbitrarily at the top of the Bansa Limestone by Auden in Kumaun Region.

Regional extent

Eastern Himachal and western Uttarakhand. Some workers correlated it with the Baliana (Blaini) Fm, now correlated with the Basantpur Fm.


GeoJSON

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Fossils

None in Deoban Basin. In Kumaun Region, Stromatolites: Jurusania, Collenia parva (Valdiya, 1969a) Osagia tenuilamellata (Nalivikin, 1966), Jurusania himalayica, Irregularia (Stromatolitic forms) Sinha (1977)


Age 

Middle Tonian. Age span estimates taken from A.J. Martin, 2017. A review of Himalayan stratigraphy, magmatism, and structure. Gondwana Research 49 (2017) 42–80.

Age Span: 

    Beginning stage: 
Tonian

    Fraction up in beginning stage: 
0.55

    Beginning date (Ma): 
846.00

    Ending stage: 
Tonian

    Fraction up in the ending stage: 
0.7

    Ending date (Ma):  
804.00

Depositional setting

Marine, shallow-subtidal


Depositional pattern:  


Additional Information

Sor slate and Thalkedar limestone are units of this Formation in Kumaun Region.


Compiler:  

O.N. Bhargava & Birendra Singh. Age estimates based on A.J. Martin, 2017. A review of Himalayan stratigraphy, magmatism, and structure. Gondwana Research 49 (2017) 42–80.